ABSTRACT
Resumen Las cabras habitan regiones áridas como resultado de su adaptación a condiciones extremas. La selección de la dieta es una de las estrategias conductuales que les han permitido evitar deficiencias nutricionales o intoxicaciones aun en condiciones de baja disponibilidad de alimento. Así mismo, el ramoneo, como conducta ingestiva de la especie, les permite seleccionar y obtener plantas con adecuados valores de proteína cruda que favorezcan su desarrollo y supervivencia. También, las cabras se adaptan a las características químicas de las plantas, las cuales desarrollan compuestos bioactivos para evitar ser consumidas. Estos metabolitos secundarios pueden tener efectos antinutricionales y tóxicos así como medicinales o curativos, dependiendo del consumo que tenga el animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la selección y hábitos de las cabras en el consumo de plantas nativas, para determinar cómo favorecen la supervivencia y productividad de la especie, bajo las condiciones de adversidad ambiental que caracterizan a las regiones áridas. Dicho conocimiento permitirá establecer estrategias para el manejo adecuado del agostadero y conocer el efecto que los compuestos del metabolismo secundario de las plantas puedan tener en los procesos reproductivos, nutricionales, sanitarios, así como en los productos derivados de la leche o carne de estos animales.
Abstract Goats dwell arid regions as a result of their adaptation to extreme conditions. Diet selection is one of the behavioral strategies that has allowed them to avoid nutritional deficiencies or poisonings, even under conditions of low food availability. Likewise, browsing as an ingestive behavior of the species allows them to select and obtain plants with adequate crude protein values, which favor their development and survival. Also, goats adapt to the chemical characteristics of plants, which develop bioactive compounds to avoid being consumed. These secondary metabolites can have antinutritional and toxic effects, as well as medicinal or curative effects, depending on the consumption that the animal has. The objective of this work was to review the selection and habits of goats in the consumption of native plants, to determine how they favor the survival and productivity of the species under the conditions of environmental adversity that characterize arid regions. This knowledge will allow to establish strategies for the proper management of the rangeland and to know the effect that the compounds of the secondary metabolism of the plants may have on the reproductive, nutritional, and health processes, as well as on the products derived from the milk or meat of these animals.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutrition is a determinant factor of health in elderly people. Independent living in elderly people can be maintained or enhanced by improvement of nutritional behavior. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based intervention on the nutritional behavior of elderly women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cluster-random sampling was used to assess the sample of this clinical trial study. The participants of this study attended a 12-week nutrition education program consisting of two (2) sessions per week. There was also a follow-up for another three (3) months. Smart PLS 3.5 and SPSS 19 were used for structural equation modeling, determination of model fitness, and hypotheses testing. RESULTS: The findings indicate that intervention had a significant effect on knowledge improvement as well as the behavior of elderly women. The model explained 5 to 70% of the variance in nutritional behavior. In addition, nutritional behavior was positively affected by the HBM constructs comprised of perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and barriers after the intervention program. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that HBM-based educational intervention has a significant effect in improving nutritional knowledge and behavior among elderly women.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Education , Follow-Up Studies , Independent LivingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutrition is a determinant factor of health in elderly people. Independent living in elderly people can be maintained or enhanced by improvement of nutritional behavior. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based intervention on the nutritional behavior of elderly women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cluster-random sampling was used to assess the sample of this clinical trial study. The participants of this study attended a 12-week nutrition education program consisting of two (2) sessions per week. There was also a follow-up for another three (3) months. Smart PLS 3.5 and SPSS 19 were used for structural equation modeling, determination of model fitness, and hypotheses testing. RESULTS: The findings indicate that intervention had a significant effect on knowledge improvement as well as the behavior of elderly women. The model explained 5 to 70% of the variance in nutritional behavior. In addition, nutritional behavior was positively affected by the HBM constructs comprised of perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and barriers after the intervention program. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that HBM-based educational intervention has a significant effect in improving nutritional knowledge and behavior among elderly women.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Education , Follow-Up Studies , Independent LivingABSTRACT
O despreparo para lidar com a morte e com a ausência do ente querido pode implicar em reações orgânicas e psicológicas que, em decorrência da capacidade adaptativa do indivíduo ao período de luto, acaba por interferir na condição de alimentação e, consequentemente, no estado nutricional. Este artigo aborda os efeitos do luto recente no comportamento alimentar, seguindo-se da análise de alguns pontos de vista da entrevista dietética; da condição de nutrição e de alimentação pós-morte do ente querido; e das implicações desse processo na fome, na sede e na culinária familiar, com enfoque nas condutas nutricionais e nas decisões que os norteiam. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura na temática morte e luto, o qual objetiva contextualizar o tema em reflexões pautadas nessa vivência, enfatizando a interação da nutrição com a ciência da tanatologia, área ainda pouco explorada e carente de estudos. A identificação dessa influência e de suas implicações permite melhor planejamento das estratégias alimentares, contribuindo sobremaneira para ações de enfrentamento e de apoio ao luto.
The lack of preparation for dealing with death and the absence of the loved one may lead to organic and psychological reactions that, due to the adaptive capacity of the individual to the period of mourning, may result in interference in feeding habits and consequently on the person's nutritional status. This article addresses the effects of recent mourning on feeding behavior, followed by the analysis of the dietary interview from various standpoints. This includes the postmortem nutrition and feeding habits of the bereaved and the implications of this process on hunger, on thirst and on family cooking, with a focus on nutritional behavior and on the decisions that surround it. This is a review of the literature on the theme of death and mourning, which seeks to contextualize this theme around reflections based on this experience. It emphasizes the interaction of nutrition with the science of thanatology, which is an area still not properly examined and lacking study. The identification of this influence and its implications enables better planning of food strategies, contributing greatly to actions for coping and support during mourning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Grief , Health Behavior , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
A obesidade infantil já é considerada um problema de saúde pública em ascensão, sendo fundamental a discussão sobre a forma de tratamento realmente eficiente. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer o protocolo de tratamento de pediatras, endocrinologistas e nutricionistas que atuam na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, incluindo modalidade terapêutica, dieta prescrita e critérios de avaliação para alta do paciente. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um formulário semiestruturado, que foi enviado a esses profissionais em seus locais de trabalho. Os resultados indicam, entre as orientações prescritas como práticas principais e unânimes entre as categorias profissionais: modificações na alimentação da família, aumento no consumo de frutas e hortaliças e restrição de alimentos específicos (guloseimas doces e salgadas, massas e frituras). Dieta individualizada é uma conduta adotada pela maioria dos nutricionistas, seguidos pelos endocrinologistas. Outras orientações dietéticas importantes e constantes em referenciais teóricos de consenso foram lembradas por poucos profissionais, independente da categoria na qual estava inserido. Concluiu-se que o uso de dietas previamente planejadas, sem direcionamento a um cliente em particular e/ou a orientação genérica de elevação e restrição de alimentos pode ser uma prática mais comum a pediatras e endocrinologistas.
Childhood obesity is considered an increasing public health problem,making it elementary the discussion on how to treat it effectively. This study aimed to investigate the dietary recommendations prescribed by health professionals such as pediatricians, endocrinologists and nutritionists that work in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, taking into account their therapeutic style, diet prescriptions and criteria toevaluate the recovery of patients. For data collection a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted with the health professionals in their workplaces. The results show that the three categories of professionals use the same guidelines regarding their prescriptions, moreover, there were changes in family nutrition, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and restriction of specific foods (sweet and salty snacks, pastries and fried foods). Diet is an individualized procedure adopted by most nutritionists, followed by endocrinologists. Other important dietary guidelines acknowledged as theoretical references were remembered by very few professionals; regardless of the category in which they were inserted. It can be concluded from this study that the use of previously planned diet without being directed to a particular patient and/or generalorientation of rising or restricting food can be a common practice among pediatricians and endocrinologists.
La obesidad infantil ya se considera un problema de salud pública en ascenso, siendo fundamental el debate sobre la forma de tratamiento realmente eficaz. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el protocolo del tratamiento de pediatras, endocrinólogos y nutricionistas, que actúan en la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, incluyendo la modalidad terapéutica, la dieta prescrita y los criterios de evaluación para el alta del paciente. Parala recolecta de datos se utilizó un formulario semiestructurado, el cual fue enviado a esos profesionales en sus lugares de trabajo. Los resultados indican que entre las orientaciones prescritas, como practicas principales y unánimes entre las categorías profesionales, están: modificaciones en la alimentación familiar, el aumento del consumo de frutas y hortalizas y la restricción de determinados alimentos (golosinas dulces y saladas, pastas y frituras). Una dieta individualizada es una conducta adoptada por la mayoría de los nutricionistas, seguidos por los endocrinólogos. Otras importantes y constantes orientaciones dietéticas en referencias teóricas de consenso fueron recordadas por algunos profesionales, independientemente de la categoría a la cual pertenecen. Se concluye que el uso de dietas, previamente planificadas, sin ser destinada a un cliente en particular y/o a orientación genérica de aumento y restricción de alimentos, puede ser una práctica más común a pediatras y endocrinólogos.
Subject(s)
Behavior , Nutrition Policy , Diet , Pediatric Obesity , Food , ObesityABSTRACT
Adolescence is a dynamic period of the life cycle, with significant physical, psychological and social changes, leading to autonomy and independence in eating behaviors. During this time, there is an increased risk in nutritional behavior, including excessive intake of calories, increased consumption of fat, cholesterol, and simple carbohydrates, and nutrient deficiencies such as calcium. In addition, other behaviors are at risk, including disorganized mealtimes, eating outside the home, and the onset of eating behavior disorders and addictions (caffeine, alcohol). It is necessary to develop preventive educational programs including physical activity among adolescents, to promote healthy behaviors into adulthood. Significant literatee in Chile and South America is reviewed.
La adolescencia es un período dinámico del ciclo vital, con grandes cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales, los que conducen a autonomía e independencia en la conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes. Existen riesgos aumentados de problemas asociados a la nutrición, tales como: el exceso de consumo de energía, el consumo elevado de grasa, de colesterol e hidratos de carbono básicos, la desorganización de horarios de alimentación y las comidas fuera del hogar, la deficiencia de nutrientes (calcio), los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y las adicciones alimentarias (alcohol, cafeína). Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de programas educativos preventivos y del control anual de salud con guía anticipatoria en hábitos alimentarios y actividad física para adolescentes, con el fin de promover hábitos alimentarios saludables hacia la vida adulta. Se revisan en este artículo los principales problemas vigentes en los adolescentes de Chile y América Latina.